Standing proudly between the Lake District National Park and Hadrian’s Wall, Carlisle is a modern metropolis which has seen its fair share of history - at least 2,000 years’ worth! Located on the border of England and Scotland, in the once ominously named ‘Debatable Lands’, it has been at the centre of many a conflict, fought over by Vikings, Scots, the English and the Border Reivers.
Today, it is Cumbria’s capital city; and technically the biggest city in England, by area. A bustling hub in the north, it’s packed with great places to eat and drink; a vibrant array of shops; stylish places to stay; and so much more.
History of Carlisle
Carlisle’s history can be traced back to Roman Britain, when a settlement named Luguvalium was established to serve Hadrian’s Wall. Across the years, Carlisle continued to function as a military stronghold, with its location on the Scottish border proving strategically important.
In 1092, Carlisle found itself owned by the Scots until William Rufus, son of William the Conqueror, invaded the area and claimed Carlisle as part of England. It was during this time that Carlisle Castle was built, cementing it as a military stronghold. Carlisle Cathedral was also founded in 1133, gaining diocese - and later, city - status for Carlisle.
A series of wars in the middle ages saw Carlisle trade hands between Scotland and England. During this period of turbulence, the Border Reivers (raiders who operated along the Anglo-Scottish border) rose to prominence. Considered a nuisance by the ruling monarchs, they were active until the late 1600s and operated in the areas around Carlisle.
Carlisle continued to play an important role in British history, seeing its fair share of conflict across the years. In 1586 Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned in Carlisle Castle, while the 17th and 18th centuries saw the city withstand a number of sieges. In fact, Carlisle Castle endured the last siege suffered by a fortress in England!
With the industrial revolution, Carlisle developed into a bustling mill and railway town and today, it’s Cumbria’s only city offering much to explore.
Things to do in Carlisle
With a wide choice of historic and cultural attractions, some fantastic events venues, and a packed events calendar, there’s lots to do in Carlisle.
The beautiful Carlisle Cathedral welcomes visitors with tours and has its own on-site cafe. Founded in 1122, it has seen a number of changes throughout its time: from the rebuilding of its choir in the Gothic style in C13, to its restoration between 1853 - 1870 by Ewan Christian. Its magnificent east window contains stained glass from the 14th century; there are also fine wood carvings, medieval painted wall panels and the Brougham Triptych altarpiece.
Given its rich history it is hardly surprising that the imposing Carlisle Castle is one of the most impressive fortifications in England. It’s open to visitors, along with Cumbria’s Museum of Military Life within its grounds.
Art galleries and museums offer insights into the local history, while there’s live music at independent venues hosting local talent and well known names. Catch a show or a concert at an independent venue, or enjoy a day at the races.
As you’d expect from a vibrant city, there’s a packed programme of events to go along with the busy nightlife and bustling restaurant scene. The City of Lights celebration, spectacular Fire Show, and the year round markets are just a few of the annual highlights.
In the city centre, the medieval Guildhall offers the chance to discover Carlisle’s ancient trade guilds and its civic history: it is now a museum housing treasures such as the great iron-clad chest that stored the city's documents, the medieval stocks, and the rare Carlisle Bells (the oldest horse racing prizes in England).
Shopping in Carlisle
Carlisle is home to a vibrant shopping scene, with national brands alongside independent shops to be found on its high street. The Lanes Shopping Centre is home to a wide range of stores, all undercover - so it’s great for all weather shopping.
Meanwhile, Carlisle’s Market Hall is one of England’s few remaining covered Victorian markets and home to several cafes, a great choice of authentic street food and a wide range of other market stalls.
There’s also a regular farmers market, held at Carlisle Cathedral, which offers the opportunity to pick up locally made food and drink; and chat to the producers.
Food & Drink in Carlisle
There’s no shortage of great food & drink in and around Carlisle, with plenty of great places to eat. From restaurants, pubs and cocktail bars to street food and cafes, there’s something for all tastes and budgets. The city is even home to a host of breweries, making their own beers and some with beer halls on site too.
For world class fine dining, both the Pentonbridge Inn and the Cedar Tree Restaurant at Farlam Hall boast one Michelin star each.
FAQs
Is Carlisle a city?
Yes. In fact, Carlisle is the only city in Cumbria.
How do you get to Carlisle?
Carlisle is easy to get to, whether you’re travelling by car or public transport. Its centrally located train station is served by a range of operators, with direct services from places like London, Glasgow and Manchester. There’s also a centrally located bus station offering routes across the Lake District and Cumbria.
If you’re travelling by car, Carlisle is located just off the M6 motorway, with plenty of car parks available in the city centre.
Is Carlisle in Scotland?
Carlisle stands on the English border with Scotland, in the north of Cumbria. It is often referred to as the Border City.
Is Hadrian’s Wall near Carlisle?
Yes - in fact, the Hadrian’s Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site runs through Carlisle! Near to the city centre, you can also visit Roman forts standing on Hadrian’s Wall. Feeling active? Walk the Hadrian’s Wall Path National Trail or cycle along the Hadrian’s Cycleway - Route 72. Both run through the city centre.
Surrounding Areas
Away from the city centre, there’s an abundance of beautiful places to visit around Carlisle. Stay in the city, and enjoy day trips to these beautiful locations.
Brampton - the picturesque market town of Brampton is set amidst the gently rolling countryside of the Irthing Valley and Geltsdale, which is perfect for woodland walks. There’s plenty to explore - from independent shops and cafes to a rich culture and heritage.
The weekly Wednesday market, and the Farmers Market held on the last Saturday of each month, are well worth a visit.
Wetheral - Surrounded by rolling farmland, the village of Wetheral stretches along the River Eden. A market cross decorates the triangular village green, surrounded by 18th century houses of local sandstone and Victorian buildings of yellow brick.
Bowness-on-Solway - the coastal village of Bowness-on-Solway hugs the coast on the western side of Cumbria along the Solway Firth, and marks one end of the Hadrian’s Wall Path. It is part of the Solway Coast National Landscape, making it a fascinating hub for wildlife - it’s particularly good for bird watching. Don’t miss the stunning sunsets over the firth, with views towards Scotland.
Dalston - the town of Dalston and its home of Caldew Valley were originally part of the territory of the Carvetti, a Brigantian tribe of Celts. This is evidenced by the local place names of Cumdivock (‘valley of the little black stream') and Cummersdale (‘valley of the Cymri').
Talkin Tarn Country Park - a peaceful oasis not far from the city, Talkin Tarn Country Park features farmland and woodland, spread across 120 acres. There’s a glacial lake for watersports, around which you'll find an accessible path.
Hadrian’s Wall - built in AD122 to protect the northern frontier of the Roman Empire, Hadrian’s Wall is dotted with interesting sites. Discover Roman forts and learn more at fascinating museums.
Did you know?
CARLISLE CASTLE
Occupying a commanding position at the northern end of Carlisle, the castle has protected the city of Carlisle from invasion since Norman times. It was a base for Edward I’s campaign to subjugate the Scots; a temporary prison for Mary, Queen of Scots and a place of incarceration for Jacobite prisoners awaiting trial.
CITADEL
The original citadel was erected in 1541 by Henry VIII to strengthen the southern approach to the city, and rebuilt in 1810. The twin battlemented towers now house Council Offices and the former Crown Court.
WOODROW WILSON
The 28th President of the United States (1913–1921) visited Carlisle several times. His mother was born here in 1826, but emigrated to the United States as a young girl.
THOMAS À BECKET
One of the swords used to murder Thomas à Becket was kept at Carlisle Cathedral, where it became an object of veneration. The original sword has long vanished, but a replica lies on display in the cathedral.
THE DOMESDAY BOOK
Carlisle is the only English city not recorded in the Domesday Book, as the city was part of Scotland at the time of the survey in 1086.
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